Glossary
ultimate attribution error: the tendency for people to make attributions for their in-group that serve to protect and enhance group membership, and also make more deprecating attributions for the behaviour of out-groups
unconditional positive regard: in client-centred therapy, a process by which the therapist values the client for who they are and refrains from judging them
unconditioned response (UCR): Pavlovian conditioning term. The reflexive response to an unconditioned stimulus (see also conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus and conditioned response)
unconditioned stimulus (UCS): Pavlovian conditioning term. A stimulus that produces a reflexive response stimulus (see also conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response and conditioned response)
uni-dimensional approach: an approach to understanding the concept of attitude that focuses on the central role of affective or emotional evaluation of an object, person or issue
unilateral visual neglect: a neuropsychological impairment which presents as a tendency to neglect or ignore visual inputs from one half of visual space
universal grammar: the innate linguistic rules which are supposed to be possessed by all children and enable them to acquire language
unsystematic variation: variation in the outcome variable that is not due to the effect in which we’re interested
upper quartile: the value in a set of ordered observations that splits the highest 25% of scores
utricle: part of the inner ear and vestibular system